Docker 安装

可以在任何操作系统上安装 Docker，无论是 Mac，Windows，Linux 还是任何云服务器。Docker 引擎在 Linux 发行版上运行。 在这里，我们将以 Linux Ubuntu Server 16.04 作为演示安装 Docker 引擎的过程。

前提条件

Docker 需要两个重要的安装要求：

• 它仅适用于 64 位 Linux 安装
• 它需要 Linux 内核版本 3.10 或更高版本。

要查看当前的内核版本，请打开终端并键入uname -r命令以查看内核版本：

lusifer@UbuntuBase:~$ uname -r
4.4.0-21-generic

查看操作系统是32位还是64位：

lusifer@UbuntuBase:~$ uname --m
x86_64

使用脚本安装 Docker

使用在线安装脚本

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh

执行后会自动下载并安装 Docker 及依赖包

lusifer@UbuntuBase:~$ curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh
# Executing docker install script, commit: 49ee7c1
+ sudo -E sh -c apt-get update -qq >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c apt-get install -y -qq apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c curl -fsSL "https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg" | apt-key add -qq - >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial edge" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
+ [ ubuntu = debian ]
+ sudo -E sh -c apt-get update -qq >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c apt-get install -y -qq --no-install-recommends docker-ce >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c docker version
Client:
 Version:      17.10.0-ce
 API version:  1.33
 Go version:   go1.8.3
 Git commit:   f4ffd25
 Built:        Tue Oct 17 19:04:16 2017
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

Server:
 Version:      17.10.0-ce
 API version:  1.33 (minimum version 1.12)
 Go version:   go1.8.3
 Git commit:   f4ffd25
 Built:        Tue Oct 17 19:02:56 2017
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
 Experimental: false
If you would like to use Docker as a non-root user, you should now consider
adding your user to the "docker" group with something like:

  sudo usermod -aG docker lusifer

Remember that you will have to log out and back in for this to take effect!

WARNING: Adding a user to the "docker" group will grant the ability to run
         containers which can be used to obtain root privileges on the
         docker host.
         Refer to https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/security/#docker-daemon-attack-surface
         for more information.

完成后有个提示

If you would like to use Docker as a non-root user, you should now consider
adding your user to the "docker" group with something like:

  sudo usermod -aG docker lusifer

Remember that you will have to log out and back in for this to take effect!

当要以非 root 用户可以直接运行 docker 时，需要执行 sudo usermod -aG docker lusifer 命令，然后重新登陆，否则会有如下报错

lusifer@UbuntuBase:~$ docker run hello-world
docker: Got permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at unix:///var/run/docker.sock: Post http://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fdocker.sock/v1.33/containers/create: dial unix /var/run/docker.sock: connect: permission denied.
See 'docker run --help'.

启动 Docker 后台服务

service docker start

查看 Docker 当前版本

lusifer@UbuntuBase:~$ docker version
Client:
 Version:      17.10.0-ce
 API version:  1.33
 Go version:   go1.8.3
 Git commit:   f4ffd25
 Built:        Tue Oct 17 19:04:16 2017
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

Server:
 Version:      17.10.0-ce
 API version:  1.33 (minimum version 1.12)
 Go version:   go1.8.3
 Git commit:   f4ffd25
 Built:        Tue Oct 17 19:02:56 2017
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
 Experimental: false

配置加速器

由于网络原因，我们在 pull Image 的时候，从 Docker Hub 上下载会很慢... 所以，国内的 Docker 爱好者们就添加了一些国内的镜像 (mirror),方便大家使用。

修改配置文件

nano /lib/systemd/system/docker.service

添加 --registry-mirror=https://jxus37ac.mirror.aliyuncs.com 到 ExecStart：

保存配置：systemctl daemon-reload

重启服务：service docker restart